Why Wont Vtech Phone Take Messages

insurance: how to prevent risky ten situations.

text Adaptation How to Not get hit by cars , Michael Bluejay,

www.bicyclesafe.com

This page shows you how can atropellarte and how to avoid it. A typical complaint about normal bicycle safety guides usually recommend is that little thing than you wear a helmet and follow traffic regulations. But notice the following: wear a helmet not serve at all to prevent a car run over you. Of course, the helmet may help if you run over and take a good idea, but your first goal should be to avoid being run over first. Many cyclists trample despite wearing a helmet. Ironically, if they had gone without a helmet but had followed the advice given below may not have been an accident. Do not confuse wearing a helmet to be safe. Better safe. The best thing is to not be road kill.

The board "follows the rules of the road" alone is not practical because it is so clear: most people are aware that it is stupid to skip a red light when crossing traffic.

The other problem with the message "follow the traffic rules" is that people may think that's all you need to do. But following the rules is not enough to run safely, much less. For example: the typical user's guide will tell you always signaled your turns. Although it is a good idea, why not tell you if you're in a position where a car has to know that you are about to cross to avoid colliding with you, you're an excellent candidate to run over you? Even if signals.

(Of course, skipping a stop when there is no cross traffic is not necessarily dangerous, but we can not recommend that you do because it contravenes the rules of the road, not because it is dangerous. You must understand the difference. Of course, respect traffic rules, but understands why they do.)

Now we will learn how to avoid being run over.

Ten ways to avoid abuses

shock Type # 1:
THE RIGHT CROSS

This is one type of impact or shock most common possible . A car exiting a side street of parking or access to the right. Note that in reality there are two types of shock possible: either you're in front of the car and it hits you, whether you leave the car in front and you throw yourself against it.

HOW TO AVOID THIS COLLISION

1. Get a headlight. If you drive at night, you should use a front light, without hesitation. Required by the rules of the road, anyway. Even to travel by day, a bright white light flashes can make you more visible to drivers who might otherwise hit you on the right.

2. rings the bell. Get a bell or horn and use them whenever you see a car approaching (or waiting) ahead of you and to your right. If you have a speaker, shouting "hey." You may feel awkward honking or yelling but it is better to feel uncomfortable to be hit.

3. Slow. If you can not make eye contact with the driver (especially at night), slowed down enough to be sure to stop if necessary. Of course it is annoying, but it is better to crash.

4. Put left. Notice the two blue lines A and B of the drawing. You're probably used to driving on the A, very close to the curb because you are worried being hit from behind. But check out the car. When the driver watches the road to check the traffic, not look to the bike path or the area closest to the curb, looking for other car in the middle of the lane. The further left you are (as shown in B) the more likely is that the driver sees you. This has advantages: if the motorist does not see you and start out, you can move even further to the left, or you can accelerate and out of the way before impact, or roll onto the hood while the car slows down. In short, it gives you more options. Because if you get stuck and come right car, your only "choice" is to go directly against the driver's door.

Of course there is a downside. Circular attached to the right makes you invisible to motorists in front of you at intersections, but driving on the left you vulnerable to the cars behind you. Your actual lane position may vary depending on how wide it is the street, how many cars there are, of how fast and how close you spend and how far you're the next junction. In high-speed roads with few junctions, circulates more glued to the right and slow roads with many intersections flowing to the left.

shock Type # 2: DOOR

A driver opens the door right in front of you. You just you go against it if you can not stop in time. If you are lucky the motorist will exit the car before you get knocked on the door and, as a lesser evil, cushion the impact.

HOW TO AVOID THIS COLLISION

Circle to the left. Circulates enough left to avoid colliding with any door is opened unexpectedly. Distrust may move as far left lane that cars can not pass you easily, but if it circulates attached to the right is MUCH more likely to bump into a door a parked car to be hit from behind by a car that can see clearly.

shock Type # 3: Red Light

Paras to the right of a car is waiting at a red light or a stop. Can not see you. When the light turns green you go along, and then the car turns right directly against you. Even small cars can atropellarte well, but this situation is especially dangerous when you're standing next to a bus or truck. The turning radius is much more closed in the rear wheels in front and, even frenzy, can crush you. HOW

avoid this collision:

not stop in the blind spot . Simply to behind the car instead of his right, as shown in the drawing. This makes you very visible to traffic by all sides. It is impossible for the car behind you is not see you if you are right in front of him.

Another possibility is to stop or at point A of the diagram above (where the first driver can see you) or at point B, behind the first car tour so if you do not touch, and far enough ahead of the second car so you can see better. Not a good idea to avoid stopping to the right of first car if you're going to make the mistake of stopping to the right of second. Any of them can make you dust.

If you choose the point A fast start to cross the street as the light turns green. Do not look to see if a motorist going straight or turning. If you're at point A and the car wants to turn, you're on your way. Why choose this place if you hurry to cross the street when you do it? When the light turns green and starts without crossing quickly. (But, of course, make sure there are cars that have jumped the traffic lights you cross the street.)

If you choose to point B, do not overtake the car in front of me when the light turns green, stay behind, since it could turn right at any time. If not turn quickly, you can rotate in a fit or a parking always unexpectedly. Do not count on motorists signaled turns. They do not. Assume that a car can turn right at any time. (Never pass a car on the right.) But try to stay ahead of the car you drive to you cross at all, because otherwise they could echársete over whether it will turn right.

While not advocating skipping red lights, keep in mind that if no cross traffic, come on it may be safer to wait legally just to the right of the car only to crash into you if you turn right. The moral is that you should not skip the rules, but you can easily have an accident even if you respect. Do not forget that, unfortunately, most of the rules are thinking made in motor vehicles.

Also, be very careful when you pass right by the cars stopped at a red light. You run the risk that an occupant of a car leaving the door hit you or did you decide to crush a car that unexpectedly turned into a parking space on the right side of the street.

shock Type # 4:
The RIGHT TURN

Un coche te adelanta e intenta girar a la derecha enfrente de ti, o directamente contra ti. Los conductores creen que no vas rápido porque vas en bici, así que no se les ocurre pensar que no puedan adelantarte a tiempo. Aunque hayas tenido que reducir bruscamente la velocidad para no chocar, a menudo no creen haber hecho nada mal. Este tipo de choque es muy difícil de evitar porque lo normal es que tú no veas el coche hasta el último segundo y porque no puedes esquivarlo.

CÓMO EVITAR ESTE CHOQUE :

1. not ride on the sidewalk . When you leave the sidewalk to cross the street you're invisible to drivers. You risk a violation if you do.

2. Circle to the left or the center of the lane you occupy (in the Traffic Ordinance of the City of Barcelona is recommended to travel on that lane). Occupy the whole lane makes it difficult for cars to steal one way or echársete cut your overhead. Do not feel wrong to occupy the full lane: if motorists did not threaten your life by turning in front of you or against you or you would not have adelantándote too close to. If the lane you are not wide enough for cars to overtake you safely, you should fully occupy anyway. The issue of lane position is discussed further below.

3. Look in the mirror or turn your head before approaching an intersection . Sure looking good before reaching the intersection. When you're already going through the intersection, you will need to pay attention to what you have front of you.

shock Type # 5:
THE RIGHT TURN, part

're overtaking a car going slow (even another bike) on the right, when suddenly turn right against you when trying to park or enter in access or side street.

HOW TO AVOID THIS COLLISION:

1. not pass on the right . This collision is easily avoided. Just do not hasten to any vehicle on the right. If a car ahead of you is going 10 km / h, also reduces the speed behind him. The car eventually accelerate. If not, adelántalo to the left when safe.

When passing a cyclist on the left, announce "on your left" before starting to advance, so it does not take that side suddenly and shock you. (Of course it is much less likely to move suddenly bike without looking to the left, where a car could reach, that right to your destination.) If you drive too far left to overtake safely, announced "by the right "before passing on that side.

If there is a lot of cars stopped at a traffic light, you can try to advance cautiously, always prepared for the traffic to move other rather unexpectedly, otherwise you could suffer a shock type number 3: red light.

2. Look back before you turn right . This will avoid hitting cyclists who violate the advice number 1 explained above and try to come on the right. Look behind you before turning right to make sure you come on any bike. (Remember also that you may receive from the sidewalk behind you while you Riding on the road.) While the fault of the other cyclist to try to come on the right when you turn on the same side, and he will trample on you, the less painful blow, not at all.

shock Type 6:
CROSSING LEFT

A car coming towards you turn left directly in front of you or against you. This situation is similar to the number 1 above.

HOW TO AVOID THIS COLLISION

1. not ride on the sidewalk . When you leave the sidewalk to cross the street, you are invisible to the cars that are turning.

2. Get a headlight. If you drive at night, you should use a front light, without hesitation. It is also mandatory.

3. you must carry reflective night, but not a bad idea to take the day as well. At night also can help take some reflective clothing.

^4. Slow. If you can not make eye contact with the driver (especially at night), slow down as much as you can to stop if necessary. It's uncomfortable, sure, but avoid being run over.

shock Type number 7:
BEHIND THE HIT

innocently, you lie a little to the left to avoid a parked car or other obstacle on the road, then a car hits you from behind.

HOW TO AVOID THIS COLLISION

1. Never, no way, you move to the left without checking your mirror or look at it backwards . Some motorists like to pass cyclists at a distance of centimeters, so unexpectedly move even a bit to the left you can put in the path of a car.

2. not ride on a parking area but there are no cars parked . You may be tempted to move through this area back to the traffic lane when you encounter a parked car. This puts you in danger of being hit from behind. Instead it runs straight through the traffic lane.

^3. may be helpful to use a mirror on the handlebar .

type shock No. 8:
BEHIND THE HIT (second part)

A car hits you from behind. This is what many cyclists fear the most, but not the most common accident (except maybe at night or on long trips out of town). However, is one of the most difficult to avoid collisions as they usually do not go looking back. The best way to avoid this is to run on very wide streets or bike lanes or on roads where traffic is slow. The most common accidents of this kind happen at night, especially for not having lights. It is uncommon to bump you from behind during the day.

HOW TO AVOID THIS COLLISION

1. Get backlight. If you drive at night you should use a flashing taillight, without hesitation. According to Bruce Mackey (formerly of Florida and now head of bike safety in Nevada) 60% of crashes in Florida due to the lack of lights on bicycles at night. In 1999, 39% of deaths of cyclists in the U.S., occurred between 18 pm and midnight (USA Today, 22-X-01).

Bicycle shops sell flashing taillights for 15 euros or less. These lights typically use two AA batteries that last for months (200 hours or less). If circular night, get a rear light.

2. Choose wide streets. Circle of wide streets which lane is so wide that fit comfortably a car and a bike together. That can happen to a car fast and not hitting you, even if you've ever seen!

^{3. Choose} streets with slow traffic. The slower car will have more time to see the driver. Are more desirable side streets. Investigates how to make your trips by such streets.

^{4. Use} small streets during the weekends . The danger of circular on Friday and Saturday night is much greater than other nights because there are people who drive drunk. If you drive on a weekend night, be sure to go down side streets rather than main streets.

type shock No. 9:
STROKE THE PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

You circulating on the sidewalk, cross the street at a crosswalk and a car turning right directly against you. cars do not expect a bicycle in the crosswalk and you should be careful to avoid this situation.

HOW TO AVOID THIS COLLISION

1. If you drive at night, you should use a headlight without hesitation. addition is required.

2. Slow. Enough for you to be able to stop if necessary.

3. not ride on the pavement . Crossing between sidewalks can be a fairly dangerous maneuver. If you do it on the left side of the street you risk being hit as shown in the drawing. If you do it by law, you risk having you get hit from behind by a car that is turning right. You also risk being hit by a car that you leave a parking or access. These accidents are difficult to avoid, which is a reason to not ride on the sidewalk before anything else.

Another reason to not ride on the sidewalk is that threats to pedestrians. Your bike is as threatening to pedestrians as it is a car for you. Finally, driving on the sidewalk is illegal unless otherwise specified, for example, in some pedestrian areas of Valencia. If despite that flows through them, which is slowly on a pedestrian pace, and in an extremely carefully, especially across the street.

crash type 10:
the bang from the opposite direction

You circulating in the opposite (against traffic on the left side of the street). A car turning from a side street or parking access, directly against you. you can not see why you are checking traffic only on the left, not right. Motorists generally expect to see large packages accompanied by engine sounds so easy that a bike will go unnoticed.

Worse yet, you can atropellarte an oncoming car to you on the same road. He has little time to look and diss it comes to you faster than normal (because you go to him instead of walking away). By the same token, if it hits you, the impact will be much stronger. Your speed and join yours.

AVOIDING THIS COLLISION

not ride in the opposite direction (or wrong way) unless expressly permitted for bicycles. Circular

in the opposite direction may seem a good idea because you can see the cars that you forward but it is not. These are the reasons:

1. cars coming out of the access, parking and cross streets (in front of you and to the left), and are turning right onto your street, do not expect there is oncoming traffic. Do not see it and will crash on you.

2. How will you turn right?

3. Cars will approach you at a relative speed greater. If you go to 24 km / h later a car behind you at 56 km / h comes up to you to only 32 km / h (56-24). But if you go in the opposite direction the car is about 80 km / h (56 +24), ie 250% faster. From the moment you approach faster to each other, both you and the motorist you have much less time to react. And if the crash occurs, it will be ten times worse.

4. Circular direction is illegal (unless otherwise specified and reserve a space for it) and you can get a ticket. According to Bruce Mackey on 25% of crashes are caused by cyclists move in the opposite direction.

More general tips

Avoid busy streets

One of the biggest mistakes people make when starting to ride a bike is to use the same streets he used when he was driving. It is usually better roads with fewer cars to choose where they go slow. It is clear that cyclists have a right to the road but this is of little consolation when you've had an accident. Note how far you can go with this strategy: well if you learn your streets, you will find in many cities you can travel on side streets to get to most sites, crossing busy streets instead of circulating for them.

Turn the lights

Too obvious? Well, if so, why much of cyclists riding at night without lights? bike shops have rear red flashing lights for 15 euros or less. The headlights are not as good as most bike lights have a battery of short duration (usually only a few hours). A solution is an LED flashlight that lasts 15 hours with rechargeable AA batteries (even more alkaline). The secret life of the battery is that the light comes from four LEDs (short for light emitting diode ) consume only white cells compared to standard incandescent lights. You may need to improvise a way mount the flashlight on the handlebars as some models are not designed with bicycles.

circulates as if you were invisible

Assume that motorists do not know they're there and flows so as not to collide with you even if you do not see. SER is not invisible, but it is irrelevant whether cars see you or not. If you drive a car so have to see to avoid hitting you (for example, reducing speed or changing lanes) that means you certainly run over if you do not see. But if you stay out of the way, do not collide with you even if he does not notice you're there.

On roads with fast traffic, the cars have less time to see it come quickly. You should avoid fast roads, that comes first, unless there is plenty of space for one car and a bike together. And if there is that space, you should practice the invisibility circulating attached to the right. If you far enough not to occupy the space for cars, I will not touch you but not seen.

Another example: signal a left turn is a good idea, but it's a better idea to turn left at the time or place where no cars behind you to bump into you while you stand waiting for turn. You can be standing in the middle of the street, standing with his arm outstretched left waiting to turn, but accounts with the cars behind you will see and stop. If you do not see you, you have a problem.

Of course not advocating skipping red lights, but if you're the type of person who does at least apply the invisibility principle when deciding if you're going to jump, could you hit traffic crossing me if invisible? If the answer is yes, feel free not to cross. Never force a car to reduce speed to avoid hitting you (red light is on or not.) Remember, the more trust that cars see you so that you do not hit, the more likely they do.

Remember, do not try to be invisible, only circulates on the assumption that cars will not see you. Of course, you want to see you, and should help in that. That's why you should do gestures to motorists who think they may be about to come against you and what you should be illuminated at night like a Christmas tree (front and rear lights).

There are exceptions to move as if you were invisible. For example, often have to occupy a full lane circular rather than sticking to the right, for reasons explained below.

occupies the full lane when necessary

While circular often prefer sticking to the right to keep out of the way of cars overtake you, it is often safer to take the full lane, or at least , move a little to the left. As you can see in figure 1 above, move a little to the left allows vehicles at crossings and intersections look better. You should also take the lane if the cars behind you pass on too closely. This forces the cars to see you and either slow down, or changing lanes. And as said, if you're on a street where cars are locked behind you all the time or changing lanes to dodge, you're probably in the wrong street and should find a quieter street.

addition, it is perfectly legal to occupy the lane. The law says you have to move as far right as "practicable." Here are some things that make "impracticable" circular attached to the right.

1. cars too close you advance. If the lane is too narrow for cars to overtake you safely, move left and occupies the full lane. It is dangerous for cars as you pass by.

2. Cars are parked on the right side of road. If you drive too close to them you will run into a door when someone comes out of the car. Move to the left.

3. 're in a high traffic area with many side streets, parking or access ahead and to your right. Cars that turn left will not see you because they are pending traffic in the middle of the road, not at one end of it. Move to the left. Look at the picture of shock number 1 above.

If you read carefully, you may have noticed that it is risky to both circular attached to the right as to occupy the lane. If you want a final rule, sorry, not so simple. (But take seriously many of the other concepts mentioned in our above list of 10 for work one hundred percent of the time.) If you drive all the way to the right, you risk hitting a door and make it hard you see the cars at crossings and intersections. But if you occupy the lane and a car does not see you, you certainly run over. For more chances that you see when you occupy the lane, is lit up like a Christmas tree and travels through side streets when you can, because the cars are slowed down and therefore will approach you from behind slower and have more time to see you.

Thanks for reading this and pedals for sure!

Ángel Postigo Translation.

Aunt Jemima Buttermilk Bis

urban mobility sustainable and the problem with the viaduct Lopez Mateos. Mathias Goeritz

By: Etienne von Bertrab

Introduction

The transition to urban development sust engage-from its current unsustainable patterns and shapes, requires not only changes in urban form, in transportation systems and water, on technologies for the generation and use of energy and waste management. It also implies a reform of the value systems and the underlying processes of planning and urban governance to reflect an age nda sustainability. [1]

While urban development should go for a compact city that efficiently use space and natural resources, for mixed uses to generate a vibrant and competitive economy and public spaces ca ity, in terms of urban mobility [2] the main challenge in the world's cities is to reduce the dep rends in the private car (or the restoration of lost balance with respect to other forms of mobility). The model based on the American Dream - Which gave a central place in the car, is shown as an obsolete model even in American cities that drove it. However, in our cities' economic interests at stake, cultural issues and, above all, our limited democracy, present significant barriers required for transition to a more sustainable city.

Within this broad framework will consider the case of urban freeways that intends to carry out the Ministry of Roads and Transportation of the State of Jalisco (SVT ) beginning with the viaduct López Mateos, for, along with other disjointed ideas, 'solve' mobility crisis in the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (ZMG). This article analyzes the implications of such interventions, in the opinion of the author, not only aggravate the underlying problems but further distances us from the prospect of a better city for everyone. This case is contrasted with knowledge derived from successful cases 're AROUND branches around the world. Finally, review how the lack of adequate public policies and the limited ability by authorities to address current and future challenges can trigger the activation of citizenship, which in turn may collaboration with rar democratic progress. Thus a virtuous circle could be established, since the consolidation of democracy seems to be a condition sine qua non sustainability of social, economic, environmental, and political.

Urban Mobility - What's at stake?

world's population is increasingly urban and the cities of developing countries which are experiencing rapid urbanization. Meet the mobility needs of this growing number of urban citizens is not a minor issue. However, not reverse the unsustainable patterns followed in most of these cities have all sorts of implications for both locally and regionally and globally.

The broad picture

Worldwide, the transportation sector is one of the p rincipal sources of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions that cause climate change cam. The sector is also booming (emissions increased 36% between 1990 and 2000). Only land-transport is highly dependent on fossil-fuel combustion generates 9.9% of total GHG emissions. [3] The 'contribution' in Mexico is significant, contributing to 3% of global GHG emissions, becoming the ninth country in more emissions.

On the other hand more and more specialists and international organizations indicate that oil production is declining or about to begin its descent (the question is not going to happen but when and how we are going to face). But it seems we prefer to ignore the problem while global demand continues to grow. The truth is that we based our model of development in a non-renewable resource, it is finished, and this creates uncertainty is understandably overwhelming. As George Monbiot says, we are a civilization in denial. "... No no s like talking about it because we can imagine it." [4] This denial seems acute in companies from countries with significant oil production [5] , in contrast with reality: taking our country as an example, be more than half a century a major exporter of oil in just one decade we can become a net importer of the resource.

Furthermore seems to exist in the collective psyche too much reliance on technology: the gains made in the efficiency of internal combustion engines have been virtually lost with the growing trend of vehicles t period -field. On the other hand there is the hope that some represent biocombustiles. In the international sphere, however, its widespread deployment is increasingly questioned. This negative impact on their production can have on the production food, for the expected increase in deforestation and exert pressure on scarce resources like water and soil. Other scenarios that provide a complete technological substitution also have serious implications. What will it mean to have replace-and-about 850 million cars? (And the number is expected to double by the year 2030). [6] Specialists around the world increasingly agree that irrespective of the fuel-used-too many cars in a city will remain a problem. [7]

Thus, both the inevitable end of the Er Oil to the threat of global warming indicate that the only rational response 'is on the other side' and involves an immense task : redesigning our cities and the way we produce and consume [8] (something like transform the way we live).

Our urban environment

"Increasingly, cities, and especially southern cities, where people is prohibited "" with impunity, cars usurp human space, poisoning the air and often kill the intruders who invade their territory conquered. What distinguishes the violence that kills the engine, the killing by knife or bullet? " [9]

Eduardo Galeano

As Galeano complaint are serious implications of the engine in our cities. Starting life itself, the Nations Organization (UN) warning that the average traffic accidents worldwide kill about 1.2 million people each year and injure millions more. The leading cause of death for girls between 10 and 24 years with a devastating impact on their families and communities. In addition mean a huge burden on health systems and economies themselves (costing on average more than 1% of GDP in middle income countries and low). [10] In the state of Jalisco, according to the State Council for the Prevention of Accidents, road accidents are one of the five leading causes of mortality. As we could imagine, given the lack of infrastructure and respect "are the pedestrians who suffer the greatest burden: two thirds of the anointing def caused by motor vehicle due to atropellamien cough. [11] Among other factors, vehicular acceleration in urban areas plays an important role.

Photo: Giorgio Viera

are also implications for our environment. The air quality suffers a continuous deterioration in the ZMG. In the past five years the average level of air pollution has remained above 100 points IMECA (Metropolitan Index of Air Quality)-level considered unsatisfactory, and mobile sources (vehicles with internal combustion engine) are the main threat: it is estimated that an inhabitant of the SMG breathes approximately a daily ration of 327 grams of toxic gases caused by the vehicular fleet of the GMA. [12] (This has grown in recent years die z twice the rate of population growth. Now stands at one and half million cars by producing more and more congestion, which limit the movement of public transport, cyclists and pedestrians. In contrast, 5,000 units of public transport to move even the majority of the population.) [13] The various affectations caused by air pollution (to the respiratory and cardiovascular, and even cancer) represent major health problems published in the GMA. It also adds noise caused by the massive engine: in the city reduced levels of noise pollution over what is considered permissible (60 decibels) and detected points average levels above 90 decibels, a level considered a threat to health. [14]

In sum, the current urban mobility in the GMA, with poor public transport system, highly dependent on private cars and roads for pedestrians and aggressive cyclists not only deteriorates productivity but the quality of life of citizens living there.

The 'project' of viaduct López Mateos

Showing an inability to understand the cause-effect relationships in the imbalance of urban mobility in the GMA, the state authorities decided to implement (in full Day Auto World No in September 2007), a makeshift to urban motorway along Avenida Lopez Mateos, an important road that crosses much important in the city from northeast to southwest, which in turn further expansion occurs urban.

Photo: Giorgio Viera

Emphasizing that this was a strategy to address the problems of congestion during the weekend (later shown that the objective was a permanent transformation ), the SVT mounted an operation focused on the closure of major cruise lines and crosswalks along more than ten kilometers. Thus, the overnight central lanes were unique to this major thoroughfare for cars and everything else took second place: local traffic, the flow of public transport, the needs of pedestrians and cyclists and of course the needs of people with physical limitations. The improvised intervention (designed to encourage citizens and officials living in the suburbs gated) was so outrageous that it led to many diverse citizens and concerned about the direction of the city, to do something about it. The avenue was the scene of increasing protests and gradually created a new movement. Thus, City for All joined the mosaic of civic organizations. Its purpose, activate the public to be generated through participation counterweights necessary to achieve public policy for of mobility more sustainable and inclusive.

Photo: Giorgio Viera

While the Jalisco state government moved the machinery of government to sell the benefits of the project, omitting or concealing any impact roughly negative- organizations worked with civil society specialists and showed that the project lacked social support and technical basis, and also did not viability in the long term: the international experience notes that urban expressways are 'attractors' of cars and encourage further use of private vehicles.

"Trying to fix the problem of congestion with more road infrastructure is like trying to fix the problem of obesity by loosening the belt"
Foundation for the Country We Want, Colombia

The following table provides a synthesis of review and discussion promoted by civil society: [15 ]

conclusions Forum Streamlining Analysis Exercise Vehicle on Avenida Lopez Mateos (December 2007):

- no action serious technical studies and citizenship imposed without proper consultation with affected citizens;

- there is no transparency of information about the operation and implementation process;

- the operation violates fundamental human rights of free transit and discriminates against vulnerable people

- the 'speeding vehicle' comes at the expense of the deterioration in productivity and quality of life of people in dozens of colonies, as well as public transport users, pedestrians and cyclists;

- Amendment Avenue fragmented urban social fabric over a wide area residential and commercial

- The "solution" demonstrates a lack of long-term vision and excludes other solutions that are socially and environmentally sustainable.

Despite the competence shown by civil society, the State Government dismissed the importance of having an open dialogue with citizens and experts. The organizations used all the tools available to the public without receiving a revision of the initiative and joint evaluation of alternatives. [16] The Secretary of Transportation, José Manuel Verdin Diaz, announced in recent months the implementation of 'viaduct' like to address traffic congestion in other areas of the city. In contrast, what we did it is the activation of a part of citizenship in a fundamental question: the right of everyone to the city and the need for a comprehensive planning in urban mobility. This is possibly part of a city vision that articulates the issue of mobility in urban development and the wishes and aspirations of inhabitants of the city. A vision that civil society organizations seeking to build-even bows almost impossible considering the dismissive attitude that shows the current state administration to citizenship. [17]

Best Practices. What can we learn?

Encouraged by different objectives, improve air quality, increase productivity of society, promote social cohesion, attract tourism, more efficient energy use or contribute to climate-change mitigation societies around the world have transformed their urban environments. While there are numerous cases in European cities, a growing number of success stories emerging in North America, Australia, and in some countries of South America and Asia. Each case is different but there is at least one common denominator: they have sought ways to restore the city to its inhabitants, to dignify human life and encourage social cohesion, giving priority to the most vulnerable in public (pedestrians and cyclists), reversing efficient systems of mass transit and giving it priority in public, over the private car. The congestion charge in London whereby motorists pay about 8 pounds (equivalent to more than $ 160 pesos) per day that come with their cars to the central area, aims to explain the problem: the individual decision to use the car for transport has negative impacts on the environment and affect other citizens. The central idea of \u200b\u200bthe mechanism is to discourage private car use and the generation of resources for investment in public transport and infrastructure programs and non-motorized mobility. In this sense, a growing number of cities are developing programs of integrated public cycling networks of cycle routes, with a very favorable (In Barcelona Bicing program has achieved a 36% increase in annual use of the bicycle). There are multiple ways to achieve change, but as noted by the former mayor of Bogotá Enrique Peñalosa, the key is making a decision policy: favor the interest thereon. [18]

The need to build a broader public agenda: the advance of democracy

Organizations that promote sustainable mobility in the city continue articulating developing ideas and proposals. But faced with the same barriers they encounter with other organizations and movements in our state: an institutional arrangement that is against the city and for the authority and interest that politicians and officials want to recognize and incorporate into their action government. We live, therefore, a simulation of democracy.

organizations and movements with particular agendas and struggles (such as urban mobility, the right to a healthy environment, defense of a secular state, the rule of law, among others) must recognize the virtue of work on a common agenda: leveling the playing field [19] of citizen participation in public life . only through democratic advances can make significant strides in addressing urban and regional problems, and to that extent also contrubuir global challenges.

Final thoughts

regard to urban mobility in the GMA have to stop making contributions to worst practices and incorporate the main lessons learned around the world. The lack of a comprehensive mobility plan generates isolated action and in some cases contradictory. Thus, while the implementation of Macrobus -Bus Rapid Transit system [20] ( BRT) - can be part of a technical solution, encouraging the other hand we the use of private cars by roads (viaducts, main roads) believe therein lies the illusion of the 'integral' of a solution (instead of harmonizing the mobility and public space around people). It seems that officials and lawmakers fail to learn the key lessons on his visits to cities with successful cases. In Bogotá, for example, beyond BRT system called Transmilenio central processing grew out of work and society at large to build the vision of city-making profound transformation start a chaotic city before . Follow mobility thinking about privileged use of the car, reflecting the state of a society in denial of their circumstances decadent, forbidden to recognize their uniqueness and especially its vast capacity to enjoy many other alternatives.

Top scenarios for the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco and yet they are seen as far as to advance our democracy. That is why citizens and civil society organizations have the dual task of working on their own agendas while contributing to the transformation of public life.

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[1] Kenworthy, Jeffrey R (2006), "The Eco-City: ten key transport and planning dimensions for Sustainable city development ", Environment and Urbanization Vol. 18, No. 1, pages 67-85.

[2] urban mobility concept is relatively new. Beyond the issues of transport and roads, is conceived as a system that must reconcile two subsystems: the motorized and nonmotorized, and should be aimed at improving the quality of life of urban citizens.

[3] World Resources Institute, Dow, Kirstin and Thomas E Downing (2006), The Atlas of Climate Change, Earthscan, London.

[4] The Bottom of the Barrel in www.monbiot.com

[5] Interestingly, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are excluded from the vocabulary the increasingly accepted concept of peak oil , respect to peak achievable oil production worldwide, from which the decline begins.

[6] Newman, Peter and Jeff Kenworthy (2007), "Greening Urban Transportation" in State of the World 2007, Worldwatch Institute, Washington DC

[7] Newman, op cit.

[8] Monbiot, op cit.

[9] Galeano, Eduardo (1998), Patas Arriba. School world upside down, Siglo XXI Editores, Mexico City.

[10] A Road Safety Collaboration, available at www.who.int / roadsafety / en / index.html

[11] CEIT / ITESO (2002), Mobility. A strategic vision for the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara , CEIT / ITESO, Zapopan / Tlaquepaque.

[12] Jalisco Ecological Collective (CEJ) (2007), Actions to Promote Sustainable Mobility in the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara available in www.cej.org.mx

[13] was believed that public transport in the GMA moves to 70% population. But the latest study origin-destination (the results are still forthcoming), suggests that its contribution is declining, which in turn explains the growth in the vehicle fleet (in the absence of an efficient public transport system, safe and accessible, the private automobile is presented as' the only alternative "to the citizens it can afford, and an aspiration for the vast majority of the population).

[14] CEJ, Op.

[15] Organized by the Ecologist Collective Jalisco, City for All and Get through your city, with the participation of recognized experts in various areas, and authorities.

[16] citizen work included efforts in the State Human Rights Commission, the Office of Urban Development and with legislators in the State Parliament. Other institutions such as the Economic and Social Council for Competitiveness and Development of the State of Jalisco (CESJAL) also expressed concern about the initiative, and were also ignored.

[17] With public intervention in the April 22 state governor Emilio Gonzalez Marquez rose to fame by insulting his critics and openly stating his government's authoritarian trait. Given the lack of coordination between local state government plays a major role on what happens in the GMA.

[18] Lecture by Enrique Penalosa in the I Colloquium University "Mobile City and Quality of Life", April 22, 2008 in Guadalajara.

[19] concept borrowed from the city Carlos Paez Agraz.

[20] is a system based on high-capacity buses that circulate through lanes and modern systems and security prepaid . The BRT has given good results in Curitiba, Bogota, Mexico City, Leon, and a growing number of cities around the world.

Ichthyosaurs Were Aquatic Dinosaurs. Fossils Show

: the timid revolutions

By: Olivier Debroise.

Over time, perhaps, the work of Mathias Goeritz, reveal its hidden meanings, the mythical dimension that the artist tried to impose on artistic creation, and can only be understood as a recovery of a classical notion of art revitalized by the vanguard. Mathias Goeritz

had, in effect, a mystical art or, rather, of artistic production, which distinguishes it from many of his contemporaries, but also places it in all the artists within the twentieth century, the great creators of art abstract unsuccessfully sought-completely-detached artistic practice everyday contingencies, the baseness of the real world. More about it from members of the Bauhaus, which reached a known in Germany, which Americans followed suit, Mathias Goeritz considered artistic creation, such as philosophy, ethics, and poetry. Formidable reaction with the assumptions of the preceding generation of artists interested in submitting their work in the real world, in the description of social realities.

One element, however, Mathias Goeritz distinguishes artists of his generation of abstract expressionists and geometric as Barnett Newman and Frank Stella, particularly, formed in a time of serious tensions in Europe in the middle break, Goeritz was to swell, very early, the hordes of refugees who wandered from one country to another, from one continent to another , on the eve of World War II and still later, when the European map was redesigned, and could never, never wanted, forget this teaching. Even if your work participates in many aspects of the redemptive optimism of the postwar era, retains a healthy dose of skepticism that betrays its origin. This notion of crisis, and its Germanic origins, Mathias Goeritz always keep a sense of control, preventing you from throwing buckets Painting the floor, or wildly smearing his canvases with any material found. Also keep a social conscience, or perhaps it means social generosity which prompted him to deal directly with the artists for a "new realism", destructive and nihilistic way of Dada, in an act of vindication of art as ritual processing path to a higher reality. L'art contre l'art merde prière, the manifesto of 1960 against auto-mechanical parts from Jean Tinguely, presenting his program from the title. Mathias Goeritz

had moved to America with his European background of disenchanted and jaded, and he also felt that this new land, this land "promised" it would redeem. No one will ever be mentioned in Mexico's cultural nationalism, question Goeritz abroad for its quality, unlike other (Pablo O'Higgins, etc.) Never claimed for himself a Mexican. German remained subject of a nation in two. The importance of his work, and its latent influence, in any case, it rises above this contingency.

What impact could have the teen scream "I'm sick!" in a culture like Mexico, paralyzed by his desire / panic confront the big old world? Mathias Goeritz wanted to act as if nothing had past, and had to learn, therefore, to remain in an unstable equilibrium. Many of his proposals, after all, realize it. Mathias Goeritz

For the creation was an operation sensual, extremely complex, aimed at awakening the senses. In a manifesto of 1953, bounced back to their own purposes the word "emotional", applied particularly to the architecture. The painting, applying color on a flat support, was insufficient. The sculpture, in its traditional form, perhaps more enticing, especially after Brancusi, Noguchi, "not satisfied either," was perhaps too default half, more regulated the paint. Mathias Goeritz was excellent in the architecture, which presupposed the integration of all these techniques, meant to model the space, transform it again walkable, livable. Full of emotions.

His attempt seemed excessive: Goeritz, in fact, started a revolution, few, perhaps, understood at the time. The impetus was, above all, poetry. What does this mean? A search of sublimation, perhaps, the attempt to set a new, unprecedented, art form, one function of the artist, considering (considering) as being full of generosity and kindness superhuman, in direct communication with materials, angelic, perhaps. The idea of \u200b\u200ban artist to the atomic age that makes up (in the musical and mathematical sense of the word) with the new information made available by science (this, of course, before the evil, disgusting, uses of the atom) . Many tried (Paul Klee, the first) and most failed (the most, Rufino Tamayo, in recent decades) can not play with impunity with the cosmic forces, with the revs. Mathias Goeritz

never attempted to challenge the world, or mold, it saved her shyness. He described the atomic revolution with the same terror of primitive man, the man at the dawn of intelligence, he discovered astonished that the sun was spinning in the sky and miraculously appeared at the other end, the stars did not retain the same place at night and the earth, at times, was moved. But Goeritz know, being a man of the twentieth century, that matter is soft, the sun dries the earth, fire boils water, and the man with his intelligence, his slowness in learning, memory, can transform everything.

sublime experience, which always dealt with modesty Goeritz: tried to make their own modifications, their own revolutions, shy, molecular, prompt and inconsequential.

The almost immediate abandonment of painting for painting, reuse objects and materials, is established in acknowledgment of the limits, and the consequent cry of emotions to discover that these limits may be molecularly exceeded. Hence, in this short space between the possible and impossible, lies the poetry, is born of emotion.

However the involvement of other creators, Chucho Reyes and Luis Barragan, the very conception of the Satellite Towers (1957-1958) clearly shows this constant self-conscious of the work of Mathias Goeritz. Towers installed on top of a hill, across a wide valley on a stage, as it somehow, "Italian," and through an optical device that is derived from treaties classical perspective of the fifteenth century, Alberti and Brunellescchi, achieved a reduction of scale, a denial of monumentality. Despite its necessary height, with its sharp profile and foreshortening just suggested, Torres, simple, crisp color scratch, fall quite naturally into the landscape, even now, that has been invaded by buildings, neon signs, light poles , telephone and pedestrian underpasses. In its conception, the Towers are opposed in the insistent verticality of the works of Barnett Newman, for example.

most obvious yet intense, but always discreetly Mathias Goeritz mystical poetry, and perhaps his masterpiece, Sculpture Space on the rocky lava of the City University: more than an attempt to control nature, stony chaos enclosing a wall, the circle of monoliths open to the sky thought-provoking or, rather, to meditation. [1] Here again, the landscape retains its rights, and the buildings just emerge. This is perhaps one of the few if not the only twentieth-century sculpture that meets, indeed, its mission, as they check every day the young and not so young, who sleep on the monoliths, they play hide and seek will hold hands, look at the sky. Meditate. Never before Goeritz concept of an "emotional architecture" made such a splash. With a few simple concrete blocks, Mathias Goeritz poetry set amidst the stones.

With Chucho Reyes Luis Barragan and his companions from the early days of exile in Guadalajara, Goeritz had discovered the intensity of religious feeling in his adopted country. The recovery of the ancient technique of stew, with applications of gold leaf, in a series of works from the late fifties, complementing the architectural proposals of Barragán, inspired by the massive forms and an alleged restraint of monasteries century New Spain XVI. Here again, trying to raise Goeritz on the surface of the works, intentions the vanguard (the square of Kasimir Malevich) and emotions of magical-religious type, the mystique of art. Clouages \u200b\u200bseries, immediately after, with its aggressive looks and clear reference to Christian symbols, forms perhaps the most intensely emotional proposal, while paradoxically, of Goeritz.

provocative, though devoid of humor other assemblages of found objects, and on the verge of that years later would be called minimalist art, the clouages \u200b\u200bperfectly messy or organized on a geometric pattern, questioning the audience twice. Include, and that is perhaps most important, an element extraplástico, that comes directly from architectural projects: a review of light as a compositional element. The texture of the clouages, indeed, is constantly changing depending on the lighting, the shadows of the nails, shaping the particular rhythm of each piece. Appeal to mystical feelings (crucifixions without object), while paving the way for abstract geometry, the mode through which the lead is inserted in Mexico, with a little searching late Vicente Rojo, Kasuya Sakai, Manuel Felguérez and Sebastian. In its own way, are scale models, architectural and sculptural reduction, which allow analyze the forms and metamorphosis.



[1]. The sculpture area is presented as a collective work, although the concept of the piece is by Mathias Goeritz. In it, too, we discover his modesty.